Te Hurihanga o te Wāhanga Hangarua Flux ki te Whakahaere Para i roto i te Whakarewatanga Konganuku

He maha ngā wero e pā ana ki a koe mō ngā para i roto i te whakarewa whakarewa. Ka hurihia e te wāhanga hangarua rere te huarahi e whakahaere ai koe i ēnei para mā te huri i ngā para me ngā para hei rauemi whakamahi anō. Ka whakamahia e tēnei pūnaha matatau te hangarau kohikohi, wehewehe, me te hangarau porowhita kati hei whakaiti i ngā para me te penapena moni. Ka whakahokia mai hoki e te wāhanga te pūngao, ka whakaiti i ō utu, ā, ka tautoko i ō whāinga pumau.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ka hurihia e te wāhanga hangarua rerenga te para hei rauemi ka taea te whakamahi anō,te whakaiti i te para i roto i te whenua ururuame te tautoko i te oranga tonutanga.
• Mā te whakatinanatanga o tēnei pūnaha ka arahi pea kingā penapena utu nuimā te whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā rauemi hou me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakakore para.
• Ka hopukina e ngā āhuatanga whakaora pūngao o te waeine te wera para, ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere.
• Mā te whakamahi i te hangarau hangarua matatau ka āwhina i ngā kamupene ki te whakatutuki i ngā ture taiao, me te whakapai ake i tō rātou ingoa tūmatanui.
• He maha ngā wheketere e pūrongo ana he tere te hokinga mai o ngā haumitanga, me ngā whakapainga kitea i roto i te haumaru me te whai huatanga i roto i te tau tuatahi.

Ngā Raru Para i roto i te Whakarewatanga Konganuku

Ngā Momo Para

He maha ngā momo para ka tūtaki koe i te wā e whakarewahia ana te konganuku. Kei roto i ēnei para ko ngā konganuku taumaha me ngā hua matū. Ko ētahi o ngā mea tinongā konganuku noa e kitea ana i roto i ngā para whakarewako:

• Ārahi
• Konutea
• Nikara
• Parahi
• Kāmiuma
• Konupora
• Merekurai
• Hēreniuma
• Āheni
• Koparati

He rerekē ngā para e puta mai ana i ngā mīhini whakarewa. Hei tauira, ka tukuna e ngā mīhini whakarewa konumohe te fluoride, te benzo(a)pyrene, te antimony, me te nickel. Ka hangaia e ngā mīhini whakarewa parahi te cadmium, te mata, te konutea, te arsenic, me te nickel. Ka hangaia e ngā mīhini whakarewa mata te antimony, te asbestos, te cadmium, te parahi, me te konutea. Me ata whakahaere koe i ia momo para hei tiaki i te tangata me te taiao.

Pānga ki te Taiao me te Utu

Ka kino pea te taiao ki ngā para o te whakarewa whakarewa. Ki te kore e tika te whakahaere i ngā para, ka taeawhakapoke i te oneone me te wai. Tērā pea ka turuturu ngā matū paitini ki roto i te whenua, ka pā ki ngā tipu me ngā kararehe o te oneone. Ka taea e te parahanga wai te kino ki ngā ika me ētahi atu mea ora i roto i te wai. Ka taea e ngā parahanga hau mai i te whakarewa te whakapataritari i ō kanohi, ihu, me te korokoro. Mēnā ka roa te pānga, ka raru pea te ngākau me te pukahukahu, ka arahi rānei ki ngā mate kino.

He utu nui hoki te whakahaere para. Ka taea e te whakahaere para whānui te utu nui$500 ki te $5,000 ia tau, i runga i te nui o ngā para e whakaputaina ana e koe, e hangarua ana hoki. He nui ake te utu mō ngā para kino, mai i te $2,000 ki te $50,000 ia tau. Ka eke pea ngā utu whakakorenga mō ngā para kino ki te $200, neke atu rānei mō ia tana. Ka tere te tāpiri o ēnei utu mō tō whare.

Tohutohu: Mā te whakamahi i ngā otinga matatau pēnei i te waeine hangarua flux ka taea e koe te whakaiti i ēnei utu me ngā mōrearea taiao.

Ngā Here Whakahaere Tuku Iho

He maha ngā herenga o ngā tikanga whakahaere para tuku iho. Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e ēnei wero:

Me whai huarahi pai ake koe ki te whakahaere i ngā para me te pūngao. Ka taea e ngā hangarau hou te āwhina i a koe ki te wikitoria i ēnei herenga me te whakapai ake i ō mahi.

Tukanga Wāhanga Hangarua Rere

Te Wehewehenga me te Kohikohi Para

Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te kohikohi i ngā wai me ngā para kore e whakamahia i muri tonu i te whakarewanga, i te whakarewanga rānei. He mea nui tēnei mahi nā te mea ka noho maroke ngā rauemi, ā, ka kore he paru tāpiri, he tauhiuhi rānei.Anei te huarahi e whakahaerehia ai te wehewehe me te kohikohinga o ngā parai roto i tētahi wāhanga hangarua rerenga:

1. Kohikohi: Kohikohia te wai me te para kāore i whakamahia mai i te wāhi whakarewa, i te wāhi whakarewa rānei ina mutu te tukanga.
2. Te Horoi me te Wehewehe: Tātarihia ngā rauemi kua kohia hei tango i ngā poke pēnei i ngā konganuku iti o te para, te tauhiuhi whakarewa, te para rānei. Mā tēnei mahi ka tiakina ō taputapu, ka whakarite hoki i te kounga o te rerenga hangarua.
3. Rokiroki: Whakatakotoria te wai kua horoia ki roto i ngā ipu maroke. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te makuku kei puta he raruraru pērā i te porosity i roto i ngā whakarewanga, i ngā whakarewanga rānei a muri ake nei.
4. Whakamahi Anō: Whakaranua te wai hangarua me te wai hou, he ōwehenga 50:50 te nuinga. Whakahokia tēnei ranunga ki roto i tō pūnaha whakarewa, pūnaha whakarewa rānei.

Ka kite koe i ia taahiraa ka āwhina i a koe ki te pupuri i te rauemi hangarua kia ma, kia rite hoki mō te whakamahi. Ka whakamahia e te wae hangarua rerenga ngā mana whakahaere matatau hei whakahaere i ēnei taahiraa kia māmā ake, kia pono hoki.

Te Maimoatanga me te Whakaora Anō

I muri i te wehewehe me te kohikohi i ngā para, me rongoā, me whakaora anō hoki. He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e te wāhanga hangarua para hei huri i te para hei rauemi hangarua, hei rauemi āwhina rānei. Anei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā mahi matua:

I te wā e rongoatia ana, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-tinana, ā-matū rānei.Ko ētahi o ngā maimoatanga noa ko::

Mā ēnei mahi ka āwhina koe ki te whakaora i ngā rauemi whai hua, me te whakaiti i te nui o ngā para ka tukuna e koe ki ngā whenua ururua. Mā te wae hangarua rere ka whai hua, ka haumaru hoki te tukanga mō tō rōpū.

Ngā Āhuatanga Whakaora Pūngao

Ehara i te mea ko te hangarua rauemi anake te mahi a te waeine hangarua rere. Ka āwhina hoki i a koe ki te penapena pūngao mā te hopu i te wera para mai i te tukanga whakarewa.Anei te mahi a te pūnaha whakaora pūngao:

• Ka hopu te pūnaha i te wera mai i ngā hau pāmahana teitei, ngā wai, ngā totoka rānei i tukuna i te wā whakarewa.
• Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tēnei wera para mō te whakaputa wai wera, te whakamahana tukanga, te whakamatao, te whakamaroke rānei.
• Mā ngā taputapu whakaora wera ka taea e koe te whakamahi tika i te wera kua hopukina mō te whakawhiti wera, mō te whakamahana rānei.
• Mena kāore e ranea te wera para, ka taea e ngā taputapu papu wera te tāpiri i te pūngao tāpiri hei whakatutuki i ō hiahia.

Ka whakamahia e te waeine te hangarau papu wera matatau hei whakanui ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Hei tauira, ka taea e te pūnaha te eke ki te tauwehenga mahi (COP) o te 3.7 me te hurihanga anō. Ko te tikanga ka whiwhi koe i te 51–73% teitei ake te whai huatanga ki te whakataurite ki ngā pūnaha tawhito. Ko ētahi waeine ka eke ki te ōwehenga whai huatanga pūngao mōrahi o te 2.85. I te whakamahinga o te ao tūturu, ko te tauwehenga mahi ā-wā (SPF) mō ngā papu wera pūtake whenua kei te 4. Ka taea e koe te tumanakote penapena pūngao tae atu ki te rua, te toru rānei ngā wā nui akei te whakamahana hiko.

Mā ēnei āhuatanga, ka āwhina te waeine hangarua rerenga i a koe ki te whakaiti i ō pire hiko me te whakaiti i tō pānga ki te taiao. Mā ngā mana whakahaere mata pa-hoahoa ka māmā ake te aro turuki me te whakarerekē i te pūnaha ina hiahiatia.

Tohutohu: Mā te whakamahi i te hangarua rauemi me te whakaora pūngao, ka taea e koe te whakapai ake i te pumau me te whai hua o tō mahi whakarewa.

Ngā Painga o te Wāhanga Hangarua Rewharewha

Ngā Hua Taiao

Āwhina mai koetiaki i te taiaoina whakamahia e koe te waeine hangarua rere. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei pūnaha te nui o ngā para e haere ana ki ngā whenua ururua. Ka whakaitihia hoki e koe ngā tukunga kino mai i tō tukanga whakarewa. Mā te hangarua i te para me ētahi atu rauemi, ka ārai koe i ngā matū paitini mai i te oneone me te wai. Ka tautoko koe i te hau ma me te wāhi mahi haumaru ake. He maha ngā kamupene e kite ana i te hekenga o ō rātou tapuwae waro i muri i te tāutanga o tēnei taputapu.

Kia mōhio: Ko te tikanga o te whakaputanga ma ake ka māmā ake te tutuki i ngā ture taiao pakari.

Te Penapena Utu me ngā Rauemi

Koepenapena moni i ia taume te waeine hangarua rerenga. Kāore koe e hiahia ki te hoko i te nui o ngā rerenga hou, rauemi mata rānei. Mā tēnei pūnaha ka taea e koe te whakamahi anō i ngā mea kua riro kē i a koe. Ka whakaitihia hoki e koe ngā utu whakakore para. He maha ngā wheketere e pūrongo ana i ngā penapena tekau mano tāra ia tau. Ka āwhina te waeine i a koe ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi me te whakaaro nui. Ka nui ake te uara ka whiwhi koe i ia tana rauemi ka tukatukahia e koe.

Te Whai Hua o te Whakahaere

Mā te waeine hangarua rere ka māmā ake, ka tere ake hoki tō mahi. Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha ngā mana whakahaere atamai me ngā panera mata-pā. Ka taea e koe te aroturuki i te tukanga me te whakarerekē tere i ngā tautuhinga. Ka hangarua e te waeine ngā rauemi me te whakaora i te pūngao i te wā kotahi. Ko te tikanga he iti ake te wā e pau ana ki te whakahaere para, engari he nui ake te wā e pau ana ki te hanga hua whakarewa kounga. Ka whakapai ake hoki koe i te haumaru nā te mea he iti ake te para kino e pau ana ki a koe.

Tohutohu: Mā te whakahaere pai ake ka noho tonu koe ki mua i te mākete whakataetae.

Pānga o te Ao Tūturu

Ngā Hua o te Ahumahi

Ka taea e koe te kite i te rerekētanga owae hangarua rerengae hangaia ana i roto i ngā wheketere tūturu. He maha ngā kamupene kua pūrongo i ngā huringa nui i muri i te tāutanga o tēnei pūnaha. Hei tauira, i whakaitihia e tētahi wheketere maitai āna para i tukuna ki ngā whenua ururua mā te neke atu i te 60%. I whakaitihia e tētahi atu whare whakarewa konumohe āna utu rauemi mata mā te 30%. E whakaatu ana ēnei tau ka taea e koe te penapena moni me te āwhina i te taiao i te wā kotahi.

I kite hoki ngā wheketere i te kounga pai ake o te hau me te wai i ō rātou wāhi mahi. I kōrero ngā kaimahi he iti ake ngā mōrearea haumaru nā te mea he iti ake ngā para kino i whakahaerea e rātou. I whiwhi tohu ētahi kamupene mō ā rātou mahi matomato. Ka kitea ēnei hua i ngā wāhi maha o te ao, mai i Āhia ki Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki.

Ina whakamahia e koehangarau hangarua matatau, kua whakatakoto koe i tētahi paerewa hou mō tō umanga.

Te Whakatinanatanga me te Urupare

Tērā pea koe e whakaaro ana ki te ngāwari o te tīmata ki te whakamahi i tētahi waeine hangarua rerenga. He maha ngā kaiwhakamahi e kī ana he māmā noa te tāuta me te whakahaere i te pūnaha. Mā ngā mana whakahaere mata-pā koe e āwhina ki te aroturuki i ia taahiraa. He poto noa te wā e pau ana ki te whakangungu i tō tīma. He maha ngā kaiwhakahaere e māia ana i muri i ētahi rā noa iho.

Anei ētahi o ngā kōrero e kitea whānuitia ana e ngā kaiwhakamahi:

• Ka penapena moni koe i ngā rauemi mata me te whakakorenga para.
• Ka māmā ake ki a koe te whakatutuki i ngā ture taiao pakari.
• Ka whakapai ake koe i te ingoa o tō kamupene ki ngā kiritaki me ngā hoa mahi.
• Ka kitea ngā hua tere, i roto i te tau tuatahi.

I tohaina e te kaiwhakahaere tipu,

"I kite mātou i te hokinga mai o tā mātou haumitanga i tere atu i tā mātou i whakaaro ai. He pai te whakahaere o te pūnaha, ā, e pai ana ki tā mātou tīma ngā whakahaere ngāwari."

Ka taea e koe te whakauru atu ki te tini o ētahi atu kua whakapai ake i ā rātou mahi whakarewa kia ma, kia haumaru ake, kia whai hua ake hoki.

Te Whakataurite ki ngā Tikanga Tuku Iho

Te Whai Hua me te Whakapūmautanga

Tērā pea ka miharo koe ki te whakataurite o te pūnaha hou ki ngā tikanga tawhito mō te whakahaere para whakarewa. Ko ngā tikanga tuku iho he maka para, he tuku rānei ki ngā whenua ururua. He nui te pūngao e whakamahia ana e ēnei tikanga, ā, he nui ake te parahanga. Me whakapau wā me te moni koe ki te whakakore para. Ka ngaro hoki ngā rauemi utu nui ka taea te whakamahi anō.

Ka whakarerekētia tēnei tukanga e te wāhanga hangarua rere. Ka taea e koe te hangarua i te para me ētahi atu para i tō whare. Mā tēnei pūnaha ka taea e koe te whakahoki mai i ngā rauemi whai hua me te whakaiti i ngā para. He iti ake te pūngao e whakamahia ana e koe nā te mea ka hopukina e te wāhanga te wera mai i te tukanga whakarewa me te whakamahi anō. Ka whakaitihia hoki e koe ō tukunga, ā, ka āwhina ki te tiaki i te taiao.

Anei tētahi whakataurite tere:

Tohutohu: Te whiriwhirihangarua matatauāwhina i a koe ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga matomato me te penapena rauemi.

Uara mō te Wā Roa

Ehara i te mea he penapena poto noa iho āu mā te hangarua hou. I roto i te wā, ka kite koe i ngā painga nui mō tō pakihi. Ka iti ake āu whakapaunga ki ngā rauemi mata me te whakakorenga para. Ka karohia hoki e koe ngā whiu mō te takahi i ngā ture taiao. Ka hangaia e tō kamupene he ingoa kaha mō te manaaki i te ao tūroa.

He maha ngā wheketere e kī ana ka utua e te pūnaha i roto i ētahi tau torutoru noa iho. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā penapena hei haumi ki ētahi atu wāhanga o tō mahi. Ka noho haumaru ake ngā kaimahi nā te mea he iti ake te para kino e whakahaeretia ana e rātou. Ka nui ake te whakawhirinaki o ngā kiritaki ki a koe ina kite rātou i tō whakapau kaha ki te whakaputanga ma.

Kia maumahara: Ko ngā haumitanga atamai o ēnei rā ka arahi ki tētahi heke mai pai ake mō tō pakihi me te taiao.

Ka taea e koe te whakarerekē i tō huarahi whakahaere para i roto i te whakarewa whakarewa mā te whakamahi i tētahi waeine hangarua rere. Mā tēnei hangarau koe e āwhinawhakarōpū me te hangarua i ngā konganuku, te whakaora i te para utu nui, me te penapena pūngao. Koewhakaitihia ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhime te whakaiti i ngā utu mā te whakamahi anō i ngā rauemi. E taunaki ana ngā tohunga ahumahi kia whiriwhiria ngā waeine mete whai huatanga whakaora teiteime ngā āhuatanga haumaru pakari. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei pūnaha, ka tautoko koe i tētahi ōhanga porowhita, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te tiaki i te taiao mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.