Ko te whakapūkara te tikanga matua mō te tiaki i te maitai mai i te waikura. Ko te tikanga matua, hekaukau whakapūmauhe kohua nui o te konutea rewa e whakamahia ana hei paninga i ngā wāhanga whakarewa. Ina tōia te maitai ma ki roto i tēnei kaukau, ka piri wawe te konutea ki te mata, ka hanga he āhua pakari, ātete ki te waikura. Neke atu i te 150 tau te whakamahinga o te whakapūkara, engari he tino whai hua, he pai hoki mō te taiao. Inaa, e kiia ana ko tētahi o ngā tukanga ārai waikura tino pai mō te taiao. Ko te hua he maitai ka taea te ora i waho mō ngā tekau tau me te iti o te tiaki. Kei raro nei ka wehewehea e mātou te taahiraa i te taahiraa me pēhea te huri o tētahi wāhanga maitai mai i te konganuku tawhito puehu ki te konutea-whakapūkara, i roto i te kaukau whakapūkara.
He aha te Kaukau Whakarewa?
He oko noa iho te kaukau whakapūmau i te konutea rewa kua whakamahanatia ki te 450°C (842°F). Ka tukuna ngā wāhanga maitai ki roto i tēnei konutea wera, he rite ki te whakarewa wai hiriwa. I te wā e rumakina ana, ka tauhohe te konutea ki te rino i roto i te maitai, ka hangaia he hononga whakarewa i waenga i te konutea me te maitai. I roto i te mahi, ka kiia tēnei e ngā kamupene ko tewhakapūmau wera-tōtukanga – te tuku noa i te maitai ki roto i te konutea "wera" (kua rewa).
He tino whai hua tēnei tikanga. Ko te kaukau konutea he nui ake i te 98% te konutea parakore, ā, ka āta whakapikohia e ngā pūnaha kawe, ngā pūnaha kerēni rānei ngā wahi maitai kia taea ai e te konutea te waipuke i ngā kokonga katoa o te wāhanga. Ahakoa ngā āhua tuwhera, ngā ngongo rānei, ka whakakiia ki te konutea, kia pania ai te roto me te waho. E ai ki tētahi aratohu ahumahi, he tukanga "ruku katoa" te whakawera wera – ka rumakina katoatia te maitai, ā, ka pania te konutea.katoangā mata o roto, o waho hoki. Ka whakaarahia te maitai i muri i ētahi meneti torutoru, ka pania ki te kiri whakarewa kanapa hou.
Te Tukanga Whakarewa-Hot-DIP (Tīmatanga ki te Whakamutunga)
He maha ngā wāhanga matua o te tukanga whakapūmau. Me āta mahi i ia wāhanga, nā te mea ka piri noa te konutea ki te mata tino ma. Ko ngā mahi whānui koia ēnei:
Te Horoi (Te Whakakore Hinu me te Whakapūkara):Tuatahi, ka horoia pai te maitai hei tango i ngā hinu, te hinu, me te waikura e memeha ana. Ko te tikanga, he wai wera kawakawa (caustic) hei tango i te hinu o te maitai. Muri iho, ka tukuna te maitai ki roto i te kaukau whakapūkara waikawa (he maha ngā wā ka whakaranua te waikawa whanariki, te waikawa hauwai rānei) hei kai i te unahi mira me te waikura. I muri i te whakapūkara, ka tangohia ā-ringa, mā te pupuhi rānei ngā paru uaua katoa, te peita, te para rānei. I roto i te poto, me ngaro katoa ngā poke, nā te mea kāore te konutea e piri ki te maitai paru.
Te rere:I mua tonu i te whakapūmau, ka tōia te maitai ma ki roto i te wai rere, he ranunga konutea ammonium chloride te nuinga. Ka horoia e te rere ngā toenga whakamutunga o te waikura, ā, ka ārai i te waikura hou i mua i te tōia. I ētahi tipu, ka mānu he "paraikete rere" angiangi ki runga i te kaukau konutea hei āwhina i te tango hinu i te maitai i te wā e tomo ana. He mea nui te taahiraa rere: ka whakarite kia taea e te konutea rewa temākūkia ōrite te maitai.
Te rumaki ki te Kaukau Konutea:Ko te ngako o te tukanga tēnei. Ka tukuna mārire te maitai kua oti te whakarite (he maha ngā wā i te koki) ki roto i te ipu konutea rewa, e puritia ana i te ~450°C. E whakaatu ana te ahua i raro nei i ngā kurupae maitai e tomo ana ki roto i te kaukau konutea wera. Ina pā te maitai ki te konganuku wai, ka tīmata te tauhohenga. Ka tīmata te konutea ki te whakakotahi ki te mata rino, ā, ka rere te konutea wai huri noa i te wāhanga katoa. I roto i te kaukau, ka hangaia e te konutea me te rino ētahi paparanga konutea mā te tauhohenga whakarewa. I roto i tēnei wā (he torutoru meneti te nuinga), ka hangaia te paninga ki tōna matotoru tika. He paparanga orewaKa piri te konutea ki te mata o te maitai, kātahi ka whakamatao hei hanga i te kiri o waho mārō.
Pikitia: Ngā wāhanga maitai e toua ana ki roto i te kaukau whakawera wera. Ka tere te paninga o te konutea rewa (hiriwa wai) ki te maitai.
Ka āta tirohia e ngā kaiwhakahaere o te tipu te wā o te rumaki. Mō te nuinga o ngā wāhanga, he nui te ruku mō te 4–5 meneti. Tērā pea ka roa ake te wā e hiahiatia ana mō ngā wāhanga nunui ake, ngā wāhanga kua whakamahanatia rānei kia eke ki te pāmahana tino pai. Kia wera rawa, ka āta hikitia te wāhanga ki waho. I a ia e piki ake ana, ka mimiti te konutea taikaha – i ētahi wā mā te wiri, te hurihuri rānei i te wāhanga. Ka whakamatao, ka whakapakeke te anga angiangi o te konutea e toe ana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he āhua hiriwa kanapa ki waho. Inaa, he maha ngā wā ka kanapa te maitai kua pania houtia; ka puta pea te tauira "spangle" āhua rite ki te hukarere o te konutea kua whakatiotia ki te mata i a ia e whakapakeke ana.
Whakamatao (Whakakore/Whakamate):I muri i te tangohanga, ka whakamataohia te maitai kua pania. Ka taea tēnei mā te whakamatao noa i te hau, mā te tinei rānei i te maitai wera ki te wai, mā te kaukau matū rānei. Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamaroke motuhake – kua totoka kē te hononga konutea/maitai. Ko te paparanga angiangi o waho o te konutea waikura (waikura mā) ka puta pea ka waiho noa iho, ka maimoatia rānei. Kāore i rite ki ngā wāhanga peita, ko te maitai kua pania me whakamahi i te nuinga o te wā.kāore he whakaotinga atumō te roa.
Tirotiro:Ko te mahi whakamutunga ko te tirotiro tere i te tirohanga me te hangarau. Ka tirohia e ngā kaitirotiro kua pania ia wāhi, ā, ka ine i te matotoru. Nā te mea ka piri noa te konutea ki te konganuku ma, he ngāwari te kite i ngā wāhi ngoikore (he kanapa te āhua o te maitai tahanga). Ka inehia e ngā ine paerewa te matotoru o te paninga kia tino tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga. I tēnei wā, kua rite te maitai kua whakapūmautia mō te whakamahi, ā, kua whakamanahia ka ātete ki te waikura mō ngā tau maha.
I roto i te Kaukau: Te Whakarewa me te Tiaki
He wāhanga matū uaua te mea e pā ana ki te maitai i roto i te konutea rewa – ā, ko tētahi o ngā kaha whakamiharo o te whakapūmau. I te noho o te maitai wera i roto i te kaukau, ka horapa ngā ngota konutea ki roto i te rino hei hanga i ētahi matū whakarewa. E whakaatu ana te American Galvanizers Association i tēnei mā te whakawhiti-wāhanga: he paparanga o waho o te konutea tata parakore (e kiia nei ko te paparanga eta) ā, kei raro iho e toru ngā paparanga koranu mārō (e kiia nei ko te gamma, delta, zeta) kei te taha o te maitai. He mea whakamiharo, ko ēnei paparanga koranu konutea-rino kei roto.mārō atu i te maitai ngawariHei tauira, kāore e ngāwari te uru o ngā karawarawa iti ki roto i tēnei paninga paparanga-maha. I roto i te mahi, he tino pakari, he ātete hoki ki te pakū te paninga piauau.
Ko tētahi atu painga matua ko te tiakitanga katote (patua). He kaha ake te mahi hikohiko o te konutea i te maitai. I roto i ngā kupu māmā, ki te waruhia te paninga ki te maitai tahanga, ka waikura tuatahi te konutea e karapoti ana, ka tiakina te maitai. Inaa, he rongonui te whakapūmau wera-tuku mō tēnei: e kī ana tētahi puna ahakoa ka kitea te maitai tahanga (tae atu ki te ¼ inihi te rahi) i roto i te rakuraku, "kāore e tīmata te waikura kia pau ra ano te konutea e karapoti ana". Ko te tikanga kāore e hiahiatia he peita anō mō ngā kohao iti; ka mate te konutea i a ia anō i roto i te wā.
I roto i ngā tau, ka huri te konutea hei hua taha pai (ngā waikura, ngā hauwaiwai, ngā kāponāte) – te patina hina ka kitea pea i runga i te konganuku tawhito kua whakapūmautia. Ko tēnei patina konutea Ka āta hanga he kiriuhi o waho hei ārai i te waikura. Inaa, ko te maitai kua oti te whakapūmau i te āhua o te rangi ka waikura tata ki te 30 ngā wā ka pōturi ake i te maitai tahanga. I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga he 50–60 tau, neke atu rānei te roa o te paninga kua whakapūmau, kāore he tiaki, i runga i te taiao.
Ngā Painga Whakamiharo oTe whakapūmau
He maha ngā āhuatanga "whakamiharo" o te whakakikorua i te mata, kāore pea koe e tumanako atu i tētahi paninga whakarewa noa:
1. Kapinga Katoa:Nā te mea ka rumakina te wāhanga e te whakakākahu wera-toia, ka pania hoki ngā roto o ngā wāhanga tuwhera me ngā roto o ngā ngongo. Ka whiwhi konutea ngā miro me ngā kokonga huna, he rerekē ki ngā peita paraihe. Nā tēnei rumakina katoa, kāore e taea e te waikura te uru mai i ngā wāhi ohorere.
2. Te Kaha o te Hanga-roto:He mārō, he ātete hoki ngā paparanga konutea-rino ki te pakū. I ētahi whakamātautau, i runga ake te paninga o te maitai piauau.tekau ngā wāHe ātete ake ki te pakū i te peita noa. He ngawari ake, he ngāwari hoki te paparanga konutea parakore o waho (eta), e ātete ana ki te pānga, engari he mārō ake ngā paparanga koranu o roto i te maitai. Ko te tikanga o tēnei herenga maha-paparanga, ka ora ngā wāhanga kua whakakikoruatia i te kaha o te whakahaere me te pakaru.
3. Te Tiakitanga Whakaora-ā-Iho (Katorika):E ai ki te kōrero, ka "patua e te konutea ia ia anō" hei tiaki i te maitai. Kāore ngā karawarawa iti i runga i te maitai kua whakapūmautia e waikura nā te mea ka waikura te konutea i te tuatahi (e kiia ana ko te tiakitanga katotika). He ingoa anō hoki, "ngokingoki taha," mō te mea e tupu ana me te maitai kua peitatia (te waikura e ngokingoki ana i raro i te peita) - ā, mā te whakapūmau i te konutea ka ārai i tēnei.
4. Huringa Tere:Ahakoa ngā taputapu taumaha, he tere tonu te mahi whakapūkara. He torutoru meneti noa iho te roa o te whakairi i tētahi wahi me te tuku ki roto i te konutea. Ko te nuinga o te wā, he horoi matū te whakarite, ā, ka taea e tētahi wheketere whakahaere pai te tukatuka i tētahi ota i roto i ētahi rā noa iho. Inaa, kei ngā toa whakapūkara hou te ratonga 24-hāora mō ngā ota iti.
5. Te roa o te ora ratonga:Ka taea e te paninga konukōre te tiaki i te maitai mō ngā tekau tau me te kore e peita anō. I ngā āhuatanga o waho (ahumahi, tuawhenua rānei), he mea noa te kite i te 50+ tau ki mua i te tiaki tuatahi. Nā te roa o te wā e pai ake ai te whakakoukōre i te peita anō i ia wā, i te wā roa.
6. Te atawhai i te taiao:He tino ma te tukanga whakapūmau. Ka hangarua te konutea kua pau, ā, kāore he whakarewa waro pūngāwerewere pērā i te peita. Ka taea te hangarua 100% te maitai whakapūmau i te mutunga o te oranga. E kī ana ngā rōpū ahumahi ko te whakapūmau te "tino pai ki te taiao" hei ārai waikura e wātea ana.
7. Whakaotinga e Mōhiotia Ana:He āhuatanga tō te maitai piauaupīataatahe tauira rite ki te hukarere rānei i runga i tōna mata. Ko ēnei tioata hiriwa ko ngā konganuku konutea e totoka ana, ā, ka hoatu he āhua motuhake ki ngā mata kua whakakikoruatia. He tohu tirohanga tēnei e whakaatu ana he paninga wera tūturu kei reira.
Taputapu Kounga-Teitei: Te Wāhi Whakarewa Paipa a Bonan Tech
Ka whakamahia e ngā toa whakapūmau nui ngā mīhini taumaha hei whakahaere tonu i ēnei tukanga. Hei tauira, ko Bonan Technology Co., Ltd., he kaihanga taputapu, e whakanui ana i tana"Whare Whakarewa Paipa kounga teitei"he mea hanga mai i te maitai me ngā wāhanga kounga teitei. Ka taea e ā rātou raina aunoa te whakahaere i ngā mea katoa: ngā taputapu whakairi paipa, ngā tāke tango hinu kawakore, ngā pīkara waikawa, ngā teihana rere, he kawe i roto i te ipu konutea, me ngā tāke tinei. E kī ana a Bonan kua hangaia āna tipu whakapūmau paipa mō te whakaputa tonu puta noa i ngā diameter paipa katoa.
Pikitia: He raina whakapūmau paipa tonu e mahi ana. Ka nekehia e ēnei tipu aunoa ngā wāhanga paipa mā te horoi, te rere, me te kaukau konutea rewa.
I roto i tētahi raina Bonan Tech, ka āta tirotirohia ia taahiraa. Inaa, ko te whakapūmau i ngā paipa e whai ana i ēnei wāhanga motuhake:
Te Horoi Waikawa:Ka tomo ngā paipa ki roto i te kaukau konutai-hauwai wera hei tango i te hinu me te unahi o te mira.
Te Whakapūkara Waikawa:Kātahi ka uru ki roto i te kaukau waikawa (ko te tikanga he HCl, he H₂SO₄ rānei) hei whakarewa i te waikura me ngā waikura e toe ana.
Te Horoi me te Whakarerekē:I muri i te horoinga, ka tōia ngā paipa ki roto i te wairewa rere o te konutea-ammonium chloride, kia kore ai te maitai e waikura i mua i te whakapūkara.
Te whakamaroke:Ka pupuhihia atu, ka mimitia rānei te makuku o te maitai e te whakamaroke hau.
Rukuhia (Kaukau Konutea):Ka haria ngā paipa ki roto i te ipu konutea rewa. Ka pania paitia e te wai wera ki te konutea.
Te tinei:Hei whakamutunga, ka tere te whakamatao i ngā paipa piauau wera ki te wai, ki te kaukau tinei rānei hei raka i te paninga.
He paninga konutea ōrite kei ia paipa e puta mai ana ināianei hei ārai i te waikura. E ai ki te whakaahuatanga a Bonan, ko tā rātou"Mīhini Whakarewa Aunoa mō ngā Paipa"e āhei ana ki te whakahaere i "te whānuitanga katoa o ngā paipa ka whakapūkarahia", kia whiwhi ai ngā paipa nunui, iti rānei i te paparanga konutea tika.
Whakamutunga
Ehara i te mea he kohua whakarewa noa iho te kaukau whakapūmau – koinei te pokapū o tētahi tukanga pūtaiao kua whakamātauhia e hoatu ana ki te maitai he whakangungu whakaora-ā-ia-anō. Mai i ngā wāhanga horoi ki te rumaki wera o te konutea, ka arotauhia ia taahiraa kia puta he paninga pakari, he mea hono ki te whakarewa. Kua kite tātou i te ātete o te maitai whakapūmau ki te waikura, engari he tino pai te mahi – me ngā koranu maha-paparanga, te pakari rawa, me ngā tekau tau o te ora ratonga.
Ahakoa he miihini koe e tohu ana i tētahi piriti, he kaipupuri whare rānei e whiriwhiri ana i ngā pou taiapa, mā te mārama ki te tukanga kaukau whakapūmau ka āwhina i te whakamārama he aha i tino whai hua ai te maitai whakapūmau. I roto i taua kaukau iti o te konutea rewa kei roto he pūnaha parepare kaha, ā, he mea whakamiharo te matatau – he pūnaha e pupuri ana i te haumaru o ngā hanganga maitai mō ngā whakatipuranga.
Wā tuku: Mei-21-2025